一次性玉米淀粉餐具所用的玉米淀粉是一種天然的可生物降解聚合物，在微生物的作用下先分解為葡萄糖，然后再分解為水和二氧化碳。聚合物分兩步降解：

The corn starch used in disposable corn starch tableware is a natural biodegradable polymer, which is first decomposed into glucose under the action of microorganisms, and then decomposed into water and carbon dioxide. The polymer is degraded in two steps:

1、在被細(xì)菌和其他微生物侵入后，淀粉慢慢失去其原始形態(tài)，并在聚合物中形成多孔結(jié)構(gòu)，從而逐漸增加其表面積。

1. After being invaded by bacteria and other microorganisms, starch gradually loses its original form and forms porous structure in the polymer, thus gradually increasing its surface area.

2、聚合物通過自氧化反應(yīng)生成過氧化物，將分子鏈斷裂為低分子量片段，并達(dá)到可被微生物代謝的階段。

2. The polymer generates peroxide through autoxidation reaction, breaks the molecular chain into low molecular weight segments, and reaches the stage where it can be metabolized by microorganisms.

一次性玉米淀粉餐具中的淀粉基塑料分為三類∶淀粉共混、全淀粉以及可淀粉填充。

Starch based plastics in disposable corn starch tableware can be divided into three categories: starch blending, whole starch and starch filling.

1、淀粉填充塑料：淀粉填充塑料是指填充淀粉的特種塑料（如PE）。以淀粉填充塑料PE為例，其生產(chǎn)工藝是將淀粉干燥含水率小于1%，然后加入增容劑、氧化劑等

1. Starch filled plastics: starch filled plastics refer to special plastics (such as PE) filled with starch. Take starch filled plastic PE as an example, its production process is to dry the starch until the moisture content is less than 1%, and then add compatibilizer, oxidant, etc

共混淀粉與PE共混，然后按原方法加工成膜。其主要特點(diǎn)是淀粉的添加量相對較低且小于30%，且降解速度較慢，因此不會降解，可能會造成二次污染，因此應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎使用。

Blended starch is blended with PE, and then processed into film according to the original method. Its main feature is that the addition amount of starch is relatively low and less than 30%, and the degradation speed is slow, so it will not be degraded, which may cause secondary pollution, so it should be used with caution.

2、淀粉共混塑料：淀粉共混塑料主要由樹脂和凝膠淀粉組成。有三種方法可以提高淀粉和樹脂之間的相容性：

2. Starch blend plastic: starch blend plastic is mainly composed of resin and gel starch. There are three ways to improve the compatibility between starch and resin:

（1）淀粉改性，如淀粉接枝改性、表面偶聯(lián)處理等。

(1) Starch modification, such as starch grafting modification, surface coupling treatment, etc.

（2）聚乙烯改性，如馬來酸酐接枝；

(2) Polyethylene modification, such as maleic anhydride grafting;

（3）添加增容劑，如EVA、淀粉接枝PMMA、淀粉接枝PS、淀粉接枝MAH、淀粉接枝SBS等。

(3) Add compatibilizers, such as EVA, starch grafted PMMA, starch grafted PS, starch grafted MAH, starch grafted SBS, etc.

（3）全淀粉塑料：全淀粉塑料是指在一定量的增塑劑作用下，淀粉現(xiàn)有分子結(jié)構(gòu)被破壞而形成的物質(zhì)。這種淀粉塑料經(jīng)分解后，可作為農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)肥使用，對環(huán)境無不良影響。

(3) All starch plastic: All starch plastic refers to the material formed by destroying the existing molecular structure of starch under the action of a certain amount of plasticizer. After decomposition, the starch plastic can be used as agricultural organic fertilizer without adverse effects on the environment.

就環(huán)境污染程度而言，一次性玉米淀粉餐具是一種很有前途的產(chǎn)品，可降解淀粉基材料制成的餐具有著機(jī)械強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)、柔韌性好、耐沖擊、耐溫、耐油、不軟化、不變形、可塑性好等特點(diǎn)。您有需求可以隨時來我們網(wǎng)站http://www.qylxschool.cn進(jìn)行咨詢！

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