可降解顆粒材料包括生物降解材料和光降解材料等，由微生物合成的生物降解塑料，簡稱生物塑料，包括生物聚酯、生物纖維素、多糖類和聚氨基酸等，是一類能完全被自然界中的微生物降解的塑料。

Biodegradable granular materials include biodegradable materials and photodegradable materials, etc. Biodegradable plastics synthesized by microorganisms, referred to as bioplastics, including biopolyesters, biocellulose, polysaccharides and polyamino acids, are a kind of plastics that can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature.

根據(jù)可降解機理來看，可降解具體可分為光降解、生物降解和水降解等三類。

According to the mechanism of biodegradation, biodegradation can be divided into three categories: photodegradation, biodegradation and water degradation.

光降解塑料：將光敏劑摻在塑料中，在太陽光照射作用下，塑料逐漸分解。但其缺點是，降解時間受到太陽光和氣候環(huán)境的影響，因此無法控制。

Photodegradable plastic: add photosensitizer into the plastic, and the plastic will gradually decompose under the action of sunlight. However, its disadvantage is that the degradation time is affected by sunlight and climate, so it cannot be controlled.

生物降解塑料：指能被自然界中存在的微生物，如細(xì)菌、霉菌和藻類等，在一定條件下分解為低分子化合物的塑料。此類塑料貯存運輸方便，應(yīng)用范圍較廣。

Biodegradable plastic: refers to plastic that can be decomposed into low-molecular compounds by microorganisms existing in nature, such as bacteria, mold and algae, under certain conditions. This kind of plastic is convenient for storage and transportation and has a wide range of applications.

水降解塑料：一種在水中可以溶解的塑料，原因是其中添加了吸水性物質(zhì)。

Water-degradable plastic: a kind of plastic that can be dissolved in water because of the addition of absorbent substances.

可降解塑料怎么來的呢？

How did degradable plastics come from?

來路一：

Way 1:

隨著工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，從石油、天然氣等石化資源中重新提煉出的可降解材料，用于可降解塑料的原料。這類與傳統(tǒng)塑料可以說是同宗同源，不同的是這類塑料是可以降解的。

With the development of industrial technology, degradable materials refined from petroleum, natural gas and other petrochemical resources are used as raw materials for degradable plastics. This kind of plastic and traditional plastic can be said to be of the same origin, but the difference is that this kind of plastic can be degraded.

比如我們常見的“PBAT”。

For example, our common "PBAT".

PBAT屬于熱塑性可降解塑料，一般以脂肪族酸、丁二醇為原料，經(jīng)石化途徑或生物發(fā)酵途徑生產(chǎn)，既有較好的延展性和斷裂伸長率，也有較好的耐熱性和沖擊性能。由于PBAT的成膜性能良好，易于吹膜，廣泛用于一次性包裝膜及農(nóng)膜領(lǐng)域。

PBAT is a thermoplastic degradable plastic, which is generally produced from aliphatic acid and butanediol through petrochemical or biological fermentation. It has good ductility and elongation at break, as well as good heat resistance and impact properties. PBAT is widely used in the field of disposable packaging film and agricultural film due to its good film-forming performance and easy blowing.

此外，PBAT還具有優(yōu)良的生物降解性，是可降解塑料研究中的主要研究對象，也是目前市場應(yīng)用好降解材料之一。

In addition, PBAT also has excellent biodegradability, which is the main research object of degradable plastics, and is also one of the best degradable materials in the market at present.

來路二：

Way 2:

科學(xué)家們從生物質(zhì)資源（如植物纖維、淀粉等）提煉出來的可降解材料，用于可降解塑料的原料。比如我們常聽人提到的“PLA”和“PHA”。那什么是“PLA”和“PHA”呢？

The biodegradable materials extracted by scientists from biomass resources (such as plant fiber, starch, etc.) are used as raw materials for degradable plastics. For example, we often hear about "PLA" and "PHA". What are "PLA" and "PHA"?

PLA還具有可靠的生物性、生物可降解性、良好的力學(xué)性能和易加工性，廣泛用于包裝、紡織行業(yè)、農(nóng)用地膜和生物醫(yī)用高分子等行業(yè)。

PLA also has reliable biosafety, biodegradability, good mechanical properties and easy processing, and is widely used in packaging, textile industry, agricultural film and biomedical polymer industries.

PHA可降解塑料是細(xì)菌在生長條件不平衡時的產(chǎn)物。在眾多可降解塑料中，PHA的降解方式是特別的，可以在生物體內(nèi)完全降解成β-羥基丁酸、二氧化碳和水。

PHA degradable plastic is the product of bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions. Among many degradable plastics, PHA can be completely degraded into β- Hydroxybutyric acid, carbon dioxide and water.

PHA類可降解塑料熱變形溫度高、具有良好的生物相容性，但加工溫度范圍窄、熱穩(wěn)定性差、脆性大、生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，可用于一次性用品、醫(yī)療器械手術(shù)服、包裝袋和堆肥袋、醫(yī)用縫線、修復(fù)裝置、繃帶、骨科針、防粘連膜及支架等領(lǐng)域。

PHA degradable plastic has high thermal deformation temperature and good biocompatibility, but its processing temperature range is narrow, thermal stability is poor, brittleness is large, and production quality is unstable. It can be used in disposable articles, medical instruments and surgical clothing, packaging bags and compost bags, medical sutures, repair devices, bandages, orthopedic needles, anti-adhesion film and stent and other fields.

在這里我們需要注意：塑料是否可生物降解，跟塑料由哪種原料制成沒有必然關(guān)系。不是所有生物基塑料都是可生物降解塑料，生物基塑料同樣也有不可降解的。更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容就來我們網(wǎng)站http://www.qylxschool.cn咨詢！

Here we need to note that whether plastics are biodegradable or not is not necessarily related to which raw materials plastics are made from. Not all bio-based plastics are biodegradable, and bio-based plastics are also non-biodegradable. Come to our website for more relevant content http://www.qylxschool.cn consulting service