可降解塑料是指使用后在特定自然環(huán)境條件下能降解成對環(huán)境無害的物質(zhì)，是一大類降解材料的總稱?？山到馑芰铣霈F(xiàn)于上世紀(jì)60年代，中間經(jīng)歷過與傳統(tǒng)塑料混合的發(fā)展階段、通過光熱條件降解的階段，以及通過微生物酶促反應(yīng)降解的階段。

Degradable plastics refer to the substances that can be degraded and harmless to the environment under specific natural environmental conditions after use. It is the general name of a large class of degradable materials. Degradable plastics appeared in the 1960s, which experienced the development stage of mixing with traditional plastics, the stage of degradation under photothermal conditions, and the stage of degradation through microbial enzymatic reaction.

可降解塑料與傳統(tǒng)塑料混合的材料，只能使傳統(tǒng)塑料更易崩解成細(xì)小碎片，產(chǎn)生更多的微塑料污染環(huán)境，因此不能被認(rèn)為是可降解的。光熱降解塑料的降解性差，受到溫度、光照強度等自然條件約束。

The mixture of degradable plastics and traditional plastics can only make traditional plastics more easily disintegrate into small fragments and produce more micro plastics to pollute the environment, so it can not be considered degradable. Photothermal degradable plastics have poor degradability, which is constrained by natural conditions such as temperature and light intensity.

例如埋藏在地下的地膜，會由于沒有光照而收效甚微或根本無法分解。因此，只有在生物條件下可降解的塑料，也稱生物可降解塑料，才是真正的可降解塑料，才有防治塑料污染的價值。

For example, the plastic film buried underground will have little or no effect due to the lack of light. Therefore, only biodegradable plastics under biological conditions, also known as biodegradable plastics, are real degradable plastics and have the value of preventing and controlling plastic pollution.

人們常存在一個認(rèn)識誤區(qū)：可降解塑料可以在任何自然環(huán)境中降解。實際上，可降解塑料只有進入特定環(huán)境中才具有降解特性，并非在任何自然條件下都可降解。

People often have a misunderstanding: degradable plastics can be degraded in any natural environment. In fact, degradable plastics have degradation characteristics only when they enter a specific environment, and they are not degradable under any natural conditions.

不同的可降解塑料，可以在堆肥、土壤掩埋、淡水等條件下實現(xiàn)塑料降解。但相較于土壤環(huán)境，海洋環(huán)境存在高鹽分、低微生物密度的特點，那些在陸地上可以利用微生物酶促反應(yīng)降解的塑料制品，往往在海洋環(huán)境中就會降解失效。

Different degradable plastics can be degraded under the conditions of composting, soil burial, fresh water and so on. However, compared with the soil environment, the marine environment has the characteristics of high salinity and low microbial density. Plastic products that can be degraded by microbial enzymatic reaction on land are often degraded and ineffective in the marine environment.

可降解顆粒廠家調(diào)查得知道，目前可降解塑料和其他垃圾混合進入垃圾焚燒、填埋設(shè)施，實際上與傳統(tǒng)塑料相比不僅沒有環(huán)境優(yōu)勢，而且可降解塑料昂貴，總體來看成本效益低。

In fact, compared with other traditional landfill facilities, the price of degradable plastic particles is not only low, but also has no advantages over other traditional landfill facilities.

在焚燒情況下，可降解塑料雖然存在可以生物降解的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，但與傳統(tǒng)塑料元素組成區(qū)別不大，焚燒之后的碳排放效應(yīng)和綜合環(huán)境影響比較接近。在填埋情況下，可降解塑料的生物降解特性，使之進入填埋設(shè)施后的碳排放高于傳統(tǒng)塑料，綜合環(huán)境影響會顯著高于傳統(tǒng)塑料。

In the case of incineration, although biodegradable plastics have biodegradable chemical structure, they are not different from traditional plastics in element composition. The carbon emission effect after incineration is close to the comprehensive environmental impact. In the case of landfill, the biodegradation characteristics of degradable plastics make the carbon emission after entering the landfill facilities higher than that of traditional plastics, and the comprehensive environmental impact will be significantly higher than that of traditional plastics.

此外被送往廚余垃圾處理設(shè)施的可降解塑料，根本不會進入設(shè)施的發(fā)酵環(huán)節(jié)。絕大多數(shù)設(shè)施的預(yù)處理，會通過多道分選工序剔除塑料制品形狀的雜質(zhì)，進入生物質(zhì)發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)中的剩余可降解塑料制品實際少于5%。

In addition, degradable plastics sent to kitchen waste treatment facilities will not enter the fermentation process of the facilities at all. In the pretreatment of most facilities, impurities in the shape of plastic products will be removed through multiple sorting processes, and the remaining degradable plastic products entering the biomass fermentation system are actually less than 5%.

由于做不到可降解塑料與傳統(tǒng)塑料的分類回收，混有可降解塑料的塑料再生制品，其再生價值會降低20%以上。由此來看，大規(guī)模使用可降解塑料使之混入現(xiàn)有塑料回收再生體系反而是有害的，降低了塑料制品循環(huán)利用效率。

Since it is impossible to classify and recycle degradable plastics and traditional plastics, the recycling value of plastic recycled products mixed with degradable plastics will be reduced by more than 20%. From this point of view, the large-scale use of degradable plastics mixed with the existing plastic recycling system is harmful, reducing the recycling efficiency of plastic products.

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