淀粉是由葡萄糖分子聚合而成的長(zhǎng)鏈化合物。它是植物細(xì)胞中碳水化合物更常見(jiàn)的儲(chǔ)存形式。它以顆粒狀存在于細(xì)胞內(nèi)，稱(chēng)為淀粉顆粒。在所有薄壁細(xì)胞中都有淀粉粒，特別是在各種貯藏器官中，如谷物的胚乳、果粒的子葉以及植物的根、塊莖和根莖中都含有豐富的淀粉粒。

Starch is a long chain compound formed by the polymerization of glucose molecules. It is the most common form of carbohydrate storage in plant cells. It exists in cells in granular form, which is called starch granules. Starch grains are found in all parenchyma cells, especially in various storage organs, such as endosperm of grain, cotyledons of fruit grains, and roots, tubers and rhizomes of plants.

淀粉顆粒大小。在光學(xué)顯微鏡和掃描電鏡下觀察，玉米淀粉顆粒較小，大小為5-25μm，平均15μm，有少量3μm的小顆粒。粒度在各種生淀粉中中等。玉米淀粉具有較高的剪切穩(wěn)定性、中等粘度、短粘度、不透明性和強(qiáng)回生性。

Starch particle size. Under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, corn starch particles are small, with a size of 5-25 μ m. Average 15 μ m. There are a few 3 μ M small particles. The particle size is medium in all kinds of raw starch. Corn starch has high shear stability, medium viscosity, short viscosity, opacity and strong regeneration.

淀粉顆粒形態(tài)。淀粉是植物通過(guò)光合作用形成的，不同植物來(lái)源的淀粉顆粒的形狀、大小和形狀各不相同；玉米淀粉顆粒的形狀為圓形和多邊形，生長(zhǎng)在玉米粒的中上部粉狀內(nèi)胚層。淀粉顆粒在生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中受到的壓力很小，大部分是圓形的。生長(zhǎng)在胚芽?jī)蓚?cè)角質(zhì)內(nèi)胚層上的淀粉顆粒在生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中承受著很大的壓力，被周?chē)牡鞍踪|(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)包圍，形成一個(gè)多邊形；

Starch granule morphology. Starch is formed by plants through photosynthesis. The shape, size and shape of starch particles from different plants are different; Corn starch granules are round and polygonal in shape and grow in the middle and upper powdery endoderm of corn grains. The pressure on starch particles in the growth process is very small, and most of them are round. In the process of embryo growth, a polygonal network of proteins is formed on both sides of the embryo;

使玉米淀粉顆粒形成一定形狀的因素很多，主要包括以下三個(gè)因素。其一因素是不同生長(zhǎng)部位的影響，淀粉在植物和籽粒中受到不同的壓力，形成的淀粉顆粒形狀不同。

There are many factors that make corn starch particles form a certain shape, mainly including the following three factors. One factor is the influence of different growth parts. Starch is under different pressure in plants and grains, and the shape of starch particles is different.

其二因素水分和蛋白質(zhì)的影響，水分多、蛋白質(zhì)含量低、密度小的淀粉顆粒大，反之，水分少、蛋白質(zhì)含量高、密度大的淀粉顆粒小。

The second factor is the influence of water and protein. The starch particles with more water, low protein content and low density are large. On the contrary, the starch particles with less water, high protein content and high density are small.

其三因素是玉米遺傳的影響，不同品種的玉米遺傳不同，形成的淀粉顆粒形狀也不同。胚乳分為粉質(zhì)胚乳和角質(zhì)胚乳兩部分。粉質(zhì)胚乳蛋白質(zhì)含量低，含水量高，淀粉顆粒大，而角質(zhì)胚乳蛋白質(zhì)含量高，水分含量低，淀粉顆粒小。

The third factor is the influence of maize heredity. The heredity of different varieties of maize is different, and the shape of starch particles is also different. Endosperm is divided into two parts: powdery endosperm and horny endosperm. Powdery endosperm has low protein content, high water content and large starch particles, while horny endosperm has high protein content, low water content and small starch particles.

玉米淀粉以顆粒的形式儲(chǔ)存在植物的各種結(jié)構(gòu)中，淀粉顆粒更初在植物細(xì)胞中表現(xiàn)為微小的點(diǎn)，并迅速填滿(mǎn)細(xì)胞層。淀粉顆粒由圍繞細(xì)胞核形成的淀粉層組成。這些淀粉層形成具有植物特征的特殊形狀和大小。淀粉的形狀因淀粉的品種而異，顆粒的大小也不同。含水量高蛋白質(zhì)少的淀粉顆粒，密度小則體積大且形狀更整齊，含水量低蛋白質(zhì)多的淀粉顆粒，密度大的顆粒較小。

Corn starch is stored in various structures of plants in the form of granules. Starch granules initially appear as tiny points in plant cells and quickly fill the cell layer. Starch granules are composed of starch layers formed around the nucleus. These starch layers form special shapes and sizes with plant characteristics. The shape of starch varies with the variety of starch and the size of particles. Starch particles with high water content and less protein have larger volume and more neat shape if the density is small. Starch particles with low water content and more protein have smaller density.

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